Schinus terebinthifolius essential oil and fractions in the control of Aedes aegypti / Schinus terebinthifolius óleo essencial e frações no controle do Aedes aegypti

Several technologies have been developed to controlAedes aegypti, mainly studies on isolated plant molecules. The Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi) (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as pink pepper is a plant widely used in reforestation of degraded areas and its fruits are used as condiments. The objective of this work was to investigate the potential of essential oils (EOs) and fractions (FRs) obtained from fresh fruits and leaves of S. terebinthifolius. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation (2 hours), fractionated on a chromatographic column using as the stationary phase silica gel 60 (0.063-0.2mm), mobile phases: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol and chemically evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). EOs and FRs were tested against larvae of the third stage and pupae of Ae. aegypti by Immersion Test at concentrations ranging from 500.00 to 0.003 mg mL-1 (v/v). The hexane FRs obtained from fruits and leaves were the ones that showed the greatest activity on the larvae (LC99.9= 0.60 mg mL-1 and LC99.9 0.64 mg mL-1, respectively) and pupae (LC99,9 = 2.51 mg mL-1 and 2.61 mg mL-1, respectively). These results were confirmed by the anticholinesterase activity where the hexane (fruit and leaf) FRs presented the highest inhibitory potential on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (0.156 mg mL-1 and 0.312 mg mL-1, respectively), suggesting the likely mechanism of action. The larvicidal potential can be explained by the presence of the major compounds bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the hexane FRs, indicating in this way that they may replace or even act in synergisms with conventional chemical larvicides. In this way the present study opens the field for new researches, aiming the development of products with the compounds bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D, as an alternative in the control of this culicide.

Diversas tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas para o controle do Aedes aegypti, destacando pesquisas com moléculas isoladas de plantas. A Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi) (Anacardiaceae), conhecida popularmente como pimenta rosa é uma planta muito utilizada no reflorestamento de áreas degradadas e seus frutos são utilizados como condimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o potencial dos óleosessenciais (OEs) e frações (FRs) obtidos dos frutos e folhas frescos de S. terebinthifolius. Os OEs foram obtidos por hidrodestilação (2 horas), fracionados em coluna cromatográfica utilizando como fase estacionária sílica gel 60 (0,063-0,2mm), fases móveis: n-hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol e avaliados quimicamente por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Os OEs e FRs foram testados frente a larvas do terceiro estádio e pupas do Ae. aegypti pelo Teste de Imersão em concentrações que variaram de 500,00 à 0,003 mg/mL (v/v). As FRs hexano obtidas dos frutos e folhas, foram as que apresentaram maior atividade sobre as larvas (CL99,9= 0,60 mg mL-1 e CL99,9 0,64 mg mL-1, respectivamente) e pupas (CL99,9= 2,51mg mL-1 e 2,61 mg mL-1, respectivamente). Estes resultados foram confirmados pela atividade anticolinesterase onde as FRs hexano (fruto e folha), foram as que apresentaram maior potencial inibitório sobre a enzima acetilcolinesterase (0,156 mg mL-1 e 0,312 mg mL-1, respectivamente), sugerindo desta forma o provável mecanismo de ação. O potencial larvicida encontrado pode ser explicado pela presença dos compostos majoritários biciclogermacreno e germacreno D nas FRs hexano, indicando desta forma, queestes possam vir a substituir, ou até mesmo agir em sinergismos com os larvicidas químicos convencionais. Desta forma o presente estudo abre campo para novas pesquisas, visando o desenvolvimento de produtos com os compostos bicyclogermacrene e germacrene D, como alternativa no controle deste culicídeo.

First record of the chemical composition of essential oil of Piper bellidifolium, Piper durilignum, Piper acutilimbum and Piper consanguineum from the Brazilian Amazon forest / Primeiro registro da composição química de óleos essenciais de Piper bellidifolium, Piper durilignum, Piper acutilimbum e Piperconsanguineumda Floresta Amazônica no Brasil

Piper bellidifolium, Piper durilignum, Piper acutilimbum and Piper consanguineum are bushes that occur in the Amazon and are morphologically similar. With the aim of analyzing the chemical profile of the volatile constituents of these species, essential oils from the leaves were obtained through steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The chemical analysis enabled the identification of 95 compounds representing 96.3 ± 0.6% of the P. bellidifolium oil, 95.5 ± 0.71% of the P. durilignum oil, 98.0 ± 1.0% of the P. acutilimbum oil and 96.1 ± 2.1% of the P. consanguineum oil. Although sesquiterpenes were the predominant chemical class in the oils of the four species, qualitative and quantitative differences were found in their chemical composition. The major constituents were (E)-nerolidol (20.3 ± 0.4%) in the P. bellidifolium oil, germacrene D (11.1 ± 0.3%) in the P. durilignum oil, and -eudesmol in both the P. consanguineum (18.6 ± 0.5%) and P. acutilimbum (7.5 ± 0.4%) oils. Despite their morphological similarity, a principal component analysis (PCA) of the GC-MS data clearly separated the four species according to the chemical profile of the essential oil extracted from their leaves.

Piper bellidifolium, Piper durilignum, Piper acutilimbum e Piper consanguineum são arbustos que ocorrem na Amazônia e são morfologicamente similares. Com o intuito de analisar o perfil químico dos constituintes voláteis dessas espécies, óleos essenciais das folhas foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e analisados por cromatografia gasosa - detector por ionização de chama (CG-FID) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). A análise química permitiu identificar 95 compostos, representando 96.3 ± 0.6% do óleo de P. bellidifolium; 95.5 ± 0.71% de P. durilignum; 98.0 ± 1.0% de P. acutilimbum e 96.1 ± 2.1% de P. consanguineum. Apesar dos óleos das quatro espécies terem sesquiterpeno como classe química predominante, diferenças qualitativas e quantitativas em sua composição química foram observadas. Os principais componentes encontrados foram: (E)-nerolidol (20.3 ± 0.4%) em P. bellidifolium; germacreno D (11.1 ± 0.3%) em P. durilignum; e -eudesmol nos óleos de P. consanguineum (18.6 ± 0.5%) e P. acutilimbum (7.5 ± 0.4%). Apesar da similaridade morfológica entre as espécies, uma análise de componentes principais (PCA) dos dados de CG-EM claramente separou as quatro espécies quanto ao perfil químico do óleo essencial extríado de suas folhas.

First phytochemical description of essential oils from Piper cachimboense (Piperales, Piperaceae) / Primeira descrição fitoquímica de óleos essenciais de Piper cachimboense (Piperales, Piperaceae)

Piper cachimboense is recorded only for the Amazon region of Brazil and Colombia, and the objective of this study was to report the first phytochemical assessment of the composition of the essential oils (EOs) from this species collected in the Amazon rainforest, in Novo Progresso, Pará State, Brazil. Samples of leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical identification was carried out by gas chromatography. The yield of oils was of 11.03 ± 5.94% for fresh leaves, and 1.07 ± 0.27% for dry leaves. The analysis showed 36 volatile compounds from fresh leaves and 49 from dried leaves. Main constituents in EOs of both fresh and dried leaves from P. cachimboense were (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene-D, -amorfene, -cadinene and apiole.

Piper cachimboense é registrada apenas para a região amazônica do Brasil e Colômbia, e o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar, pela primeira vez, a composição fitoquímica dos óleos essenciais (OEs) desta espécie coletada na floresta amazônica, em Novo Progresso/PA, Brasil. Amostras de folhas foram submetidas a hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger. A identificação química foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa e o rendimento dos óleos foi de 11,03 ± 5,94% para as folhas frescas e de 1,07 ± 0,27% para as folhas secas. A análise mostrou 36 compostos voláteis para folhas frescas e 49 para folhas secas. Os constituintes principais dos OEs de folhas frescas e secas de P. cachimboense foram (E)-cariofileno, germacreno-D, -amorfeno, -cadineno e apiol.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves of ocotea caudata (nees) mez (lauraceae) from Colombia / Composición química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de las hojas de ocotea caudata (nees) mez(lauraceae) de Colombia

Ocotea is a genus that belong to Lauraceae family, which has about 56 species, distributed in Asia, Africa and mainly in America. The aim of this work was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of Ocotea caudata collected from Colombia. The chemical composition of the oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), being described for the first time. Thirty nine compounds (corresponding to 92.7 percent of the oil) were identified. The major constituents were germacrene D (55.8 percent), bicyclogermacrene (8.0 percent), beta-caryophyllene (4.6 percent) and beta-bourbonene (2.3 percent). Also the antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated against two Gram (+) and two Gram (-) bacteria showing that the oil exhibited moderated activity against Gram (+) bacteria.

Resumen: Ocotea es un género perteneciente a la familia Lauraceae, que contiene cerca de 56 especies, distribuidas en Asia, Africa yprincipalmente América. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la composición química del aceite esencial de las hojas de Ocoteacaudata colectadas en Colombia. La composición química del aceite fue determinada por cromatografía de gases–espectrometría de masas(GC-MS), siendo descrita por primera vez. Se identificaron treinta y nueve compuestos (correspondientes al 92.7% del aceite). Loscomponentes mayoritarios fueron germacreno D (55.8%), biciclogermacreno (8.0%), β-cariofileno (4.6%) y β-bourboneno (2.3%). Tambiénse evaluó la actividad antibacteriana del aceite frente a dos bacterias Gram (+) y dos Gram (-) encontrándose que el aceite presentómoderada actividad contra las bacterias Gram (+).

Composición química del aceite esencial de hojas de hedyosmum translucido cuatrec., chloranthaceae (granizo) / Chemical composition of essential oil leaves hedyosmum translucidum cuatrec., chloranthaceae (granizo)

En el presente trabajo se realizó el análisis de la composición del aceite esencial de hojas de “Granizo”, Hedyosmum translucidum Cuatrec., Chloranthaceae, con certificado de identificación del Herbario PSO, recolectado en el corregimiento de Santa Bárbara, Pasto, Colombia. Este género es reportado con un índice de valor de importancia eco sistémico. El aceite esencial se obtuvo mediante hidrodestilación asistida por microondas, con un rendimiento de 1,2 por ciento. Los componentes presentes en el aceite esencial se identificaron mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectroscopia de masas GC-MS. Los componentes mayoritarios fueron: alfa- eudesmol (11,4 por ciento), germacreno D (8,9 por ciento), trans-beta-cariofileno (7,8 por ciento), elemol (5,8 por ciento) y óxido de cariofileno (5,3 por ciento). Estos compuestos se clasifican como sesquiterpenos. La proporción de los componentes mayoritarios del aceite esencial de H. translucidum presenta diferencias con las reportadas para otras especies del género Hedyosmum en Bolivia, Venezuela y Brasil. Este trabajo constituye un conocimiento inicial para definirse como una especie promisoria.

Essential oil composition of granizoʼs leaves, Hedyosmum translucidum Cuatrec., Chlorantaceae, certified identification Herbarium PSO, collected in town Santa Barbara, Pasto, Colombia were analyzed in this work. This genus is reported with an index value of eco systemic importance. The essential oil was obtained by means of microwave radiation-assisted hydro distillation, extraction yield was 1.2 percent. The components in the essential oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most abundant components were: alpha-eudesmol (11.4 percent), germacrene D (8.9 percent), trans-beta-caryophyllene (7.8 percent), elemol (5.8 percent) and caryophyllene oxide (5.3 percent). These compounds are classified as sesquiterpenes. The observed relative amounts of the most abundant constituents of H. translucidum, were different to those reported for other species of genus Hedyosmum in Bolivia, Venezuela and Brazil. This paper is a starting knowledge to be defined as a promising species.

Citotoxicidad/capacidad antiradicalaria in-vitro y caracterización estructural por GC-MS/1H-13C-RMN de los aceites esenciales de hojas de árboles joven/adulto de annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal de Repelón (Atlántico, Colombia) / [in-vitro Cytotoxicity/Anti-Radical Capability and structural characterization by GC-MS/1H13C-NMR of theleaves essential oils of young/old trees of Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal from Repelón (Atlántico,Colombia]

Annona purpurea es una planta empleada en etnomedicina, en la región norte de Colombia, que no tiene reportes científicos relacionados con la composición de su AE y sus actividades biológicas. En este trabajo, los AE de hojas de árboles joven/adulto se caracterizaron por GC-MS y RMN y se evaluaron sus propiedades antiradicalarias/citotóxicas. Los AE de hojas de árboles joven/adulto estuvieron representados por beta-eudesmol (68.9 por ciento) y alfa-eudesmol (16.8 por ciento), y germacreno D (55.6 por ciento) y biciclogermacreno (20.3 por ciento), respectivamente. El análisis por RMN mostró las señales distintivas de los constituyentes mayoritarios identificados. Los valores de TAA (mmol Trolox®/kg SE) obtenidos por los AE de árboles joven/adulto fueron 165 +/- 8 y 602 +/- 38. Los AE de árboles joven/adulto evaluados sobre linfocitos humanos fueron “moderadamente tóxicos” con valores de CL50 (ug/mL) de 145.5 +/- 0.7 y 346 +/- 8. Finalmente, la citotoxicidad en eritrocitos humanos reveló que el AE de árbol adulto no fue hemolítico (CL50 > 1000 μg/mL, 4.3 +/- 0.6 por ciento); mientras que, el AE de árbol joven fue hemolítico (CL50 490 +/- 48 ug/mL).

Annona purpurea is a plant used in ethnomedicine in the northern region of Colombia, which has no scientific reports on the composition of their essential oil (EO) and biological activities. In this work, the leaves EO of young/old trees were characterized by GC- MS and NMR, and their antiradical/cytotoxic properties were evaluated. beta-Eudesmol (68.9 percent) and alpha-eudesmol (16.8 percent), and germacrene D (55.6 percent) and bicyclogermacrene (20.3 percent), were the representative compounds of the leaves EO of young/old trees, respectively. The NMR analysis showed the distinctive signals of the main constituents identified. The TAA values (mmol Trolox®/kg ES) obtained from the EO of young/old trees were 165 +/- 8 and 602 +/- 38. The EO of young/old trees evaluated on human lymphocytes were “moderately toxic” with LC50 (μg/mL) of 145.5 +/- 0.7 and 346 +/- 8. Finally, the cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes revealed that the old tree EO was not haemolytic (LC50 > 1000 ug/mL, 4.3 +/- 0.6 percent); while the young tree EO was hemolytic (LC50 490 +/- 48 ug/mL).

Chemical Composition of the Leaf Essential Oils of Croton zambesicus Müll.-Arg. Grown in Lagos, South-West Nigeria.

The chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Croton zambesicus Müll.-Arg., collected from Agbara-Lagos, Nigeria, was analysed by means of Gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixty constituents accounting for 98.9% of the total oil contents were identified from the oil sample. The classes of compounds identified in the oil were monoterpene hydrocarbons (35.3%), oxygenated monoterpenes (22.9%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (32.4%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (5.6%). The oil was dominated by β-pinene (15.1%), β-caryophyllene (12.6%), germacrene D (10.9%), camphor (7.3%), linalool (7.0%), sabinene (6.4%) and α-pinene (5.2%). Aims: The aim of the research is to investigate the volatile constituents from C. zambesicus harvested in Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design: Extraction of essential oil from the air-dried leaf samples of C. zambesicus and investigation of its chemical constituents. Place and Duration of Study: Leaf samples of C. zambesicus were collected from Agbara, Lagos, on April 2011. Methodology: Air-dried and pulverized leaves were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus to obtained pale yellow volatile oil whose chemical constituents was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results: A total of sixty compounds were identified, amounting to 98.9%of the total oil contents. The major were compounds β-pinene (15.1%), β-caryophyllene (12.6%), germacrene D (10.9%) and camphor (7.3%). Variations in compositional pattern were observed between this result and the previous studies. Conclusion: The literature about the C. zambesicus indicates a high variability in the chemical composition of the essential oils.

Composição de óleos essenciais de Dicypellium manausense, Mezilaurus duckei, Mezilaurus itauba e Pleurothyrium vasquezii, quatro espécies amazônicas da família Lauraceae / Composición de aceites esenciales de Dicypellium manausense, Mezilaurus duckei, Mezilaurus itauba y Pleurothyrium vasquezii, cuatro especies de Lauraceae de amazónia / Você quis dizer: Composição de óleos essenciais de Dicypellium manauense, Mezilaurus duckei, Mezilaurus itauba e Pleurothyrium vasquezii, quatro espécies amazônicas da família Lauraceae Composition of essential oils manausense Dicypellium, Mezilaurus duckei, Mezilaurus Itauba and Pleurothyrium vasquezii four Amazonian species of the Lauraceae family

Essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Dicypellium manausense, Mezilaurus duckei, Mezilaurus itauba and Pleurothyrium vasquezii collected at the Ducke Forest Reserve (Manaus, Brazil) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by CG-FID and GC-MS. Essential oil yields ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 percent (w/w of dry material). The major components were beta-caryophyllene in the leaves of D. manausense (39.5 percent), leaves and branches of M. duckei (32.6 and 18.4 percent, respectively) and branches of M. itauba (51.8 percent); and germacrene D in the leaves of D. manausense (6.7 percent), branches of M. itauba (9.1 percent) and leaves and branches of P. vasquezii (15.6 and 8.0 percent, respectively). This paper describes for the first time the composition of these essential oils.

Os óleos essenciais obtidos das partes aéreas de Dicypellium manausense, Mezilaurus duckei, Mezilaurus itauba e Pleurothyrium vasquezii coletadas na Reserva Florestal Ducke (Manaus, Brasil) foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e analisados por CG-DIC e CG-EM. Os rendimentos dos óleos variaram de 0,1 a 0,2 por cento (m/m de material seco). Os principais componentes foram beta-cariofileno nas folhas de D. manausense (39,5 por cento), folhas e galhos de M. duckei (32,6 e 18,4 por cento, respectivamente) e galhos de M. itauba (51,8 por cento) e germacreno D na folhas de D. manausense (6,7 por cento), galhos de M. itauba (9,1 por cento) e folhas e galhos de P. vasquezii (15,6 e 8,0 por cento, respectivamente). Este trabalho descreve pela primeira vez a composição desses óleos.

Chemical composition and evaluation of antibacterial activity of essential oils of Ageratina jahnii and Ageratina pichinchensis collected in Mérida, Venezuela / Composición química y evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana de los aceites esenciales de Ageratina jahnii y Ageratina pichinchensis recolectadas en Mérida,Venezuela

Essential oil from leaves of Ageratina jahnii (B.L.Rob.) R. M. King & H. Rob. and Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Rob (Asteraceae) collected in January 2010 were analyzed by GC/MS. Oils extracted by hydrodistillation yielded 0.50 percent and 0.43 percent w/v, respectively. Fifteen and twenty five components were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with the Wiley GC-MS Library data and by their retention indices (RI). The major components identified in A. jahnii were beta-myrcene (37.6 percent, alpha-pinene (17.1 percent), limonene (8.8 percent and pentacosane (9.2 percent while for A. pichinchensis 8,9-epoxythymyl isobutyrate (20.2 percent, germacrene-D (19.8 percent, thymyl isobutyrate (10.8 percent, eupatoriochromene (6.5 percent) and encecalol (5.9 percent) were observed as main compounds. This is the first report regarding the essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of A. jahnii.

Aceites esenciales de las hojas de Ageratina jahnii (B.L.Rob.) R. M. King & H. Rob. y Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Rob (Asteraceae) colectadas en enero 2010 fueron analizados por CG/EM. Los aceites extraídos por hidrodestilación produjeron 0,50 por ciento y 0,43 por ciento p/v de rendimiento, respectivamente. Quince y veinticinco compuestos fueron identificados por comparación de sus espectros de masas con la base de datos de la librería Wiley CG/EM y por sus índices de retención (IR). Los compuestos identificados como majoritarios en A. jahnii fueron beta-mirceno (37,6 por ciento), alfa-pineno (17,1 por ciento, limoneno (8.8 por ciento y pentacosano (9,2 por ciento mientras para A. pichinchensis isobutirato de 8,9-epoxitimilo (20,2 por ciento, germacreno-D (19,8 por ciento, isobutirato de timilo (10,8 por ciento), eupatoriocromeno (6,5 por ciento y encecalol (5,9 por ciento) fueron observados como compuestos mayoritarios. Este es el primer reporte sobre la composición química y actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de A. jahnii.

Essential oil from leaves of Lantana camara: a potential source of medicine against leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is an infection of viscera or tegument caused by protozoa Leishmania sp. The extensive period required for the treatment, which involves the use of toxic medicines, leads patients to drop treatment increasing the development of resistant forms of Leishmania sp. Lantana camara L., Verbenaceae, is a tropical plant native from America. Folk uses have been described for treatment of tumors, tetanus, rheumatism and malaria. This study evaluates the leishmanicidal activity of the essential oil of leaves from L. camara on promastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi and L. amazonensis and its toxic effects on Artemia salina (brine shrimp test), macrophage cultures and BALB/c mice. The chemical composition was evaluated using the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Thirty substances, mostly mono and sesquiterpenes were identified. The most representative constituents were: germacrene D (24.90%), farnesene derivatives (22%) and (E)-cariophylene (14.31%). Bioassays revealed a significant leishmanicidal activity of essential oil against L. amazonensis (IC50 0.25 µg/ mL) and a potential toxic effect on Brine shrimp (LC50 10 µg/mL) and macrophage assays (CC50 4 µg/mL), while there was no toxic manifestation on mice. The data show the relevant potential of L. camara as a source of medicine for leishmaniasis treatment.

Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Casearia lasiophylla

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves of Casearia lasiophylla Eichler, Salicaceae, was analyzed by gas capillary (GC/FID and GC/MS). The cytotoxicity of the leaves essential oil was tested in vitro againstU251 (glioma), UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NC1-ADR/RES (ovarian-resistant), NCI-H460 (lung), PC03 (prostate), OVCAR-3 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon) and K562 (leukemia) human cancer cells and against VERO (no cancer cell). The yield of oil was 0.02 percent. Fifty two compounds were identified, representing 87.1 percent of the total of the oil. The main components were identified as germacrene D (18.6 percent), β-caryophyllene (14.7 percent), δ-cadinene (6.2 percent), and α-cadinol (5.4 percent). The oil exhibited antiproliferative activity against all cell lines (TGI<100 µg/mL), with exception of NCI-H460 cell line (TGI 191.31 µg/mL). The highest activity was observed against UACC-62 (TGI 7.30 µg/mL), and K562 (TGI 7.56 µg/mL) cell lines. The observed activity could be related to high content of germacrene D and β-caryophyllene, compounds known as cytotoxic.

Sesquiterpenoids of Senecio bonariensis Hook. & Arn., Asteraceae / Sesquiterpenóides de Senecio bonariensis Hook. & Arn., Asteraceae

Das folhas de Senecio bonariensis Hook. & Arn. foram isolados três sesquiterpenóides. β-Cariofileno (1), óxido de β-cariofileno (2) e germacreno D (3) foram identificados por CG-IE-EM, IV, ¹H and 13C-RMN. A importância ecológica e quimiotaxionômica para o gênero Senecio é discutida, assim como a correlação biossintética entre as substâncias isoladas. As substâncias 1 e 2 tiveram sua atividade antimicrobiana avaliada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo contra cepas bacterianas e fúngicas. Ambas não inibiram o crescimento microbiano nas concentrações testadas.

From the leaves of Senecio bonariensis Hook. & Arn. three sesquiterpenoids were isolated. β-caryophyllene (1), β-caryophyllene oxide (2) and germacrene D (3) were characterized by GC-EI-MS, IR, ¹H and 13C-NMR data. Their ecological and chemotaxonomical significance for the genus Senecio are discussed, as well as the biosynthetic correlation between the isolated substances. The antimicrobial activity of substances 1 and 2 were evaluated by the microdilution method against bacterial and fungal strains. Both compounds did not inhibit the microorganism growth at the tested concentrations.

Atividade antimicrobiana de Senecio heterotrichius DC. (Asteraceae) / Antimicrobial activity of Senecio heterotrichius DC.

Neste trabalho é relatada a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos diclorometânico e etanólico, obtidos por maceração das partes aéreas de S. heterotrichius pelo método de microdiluição em caldo, frente a patógenos bacterianos e fúngicos. O extrato diclorometânico evidenciou boa atividade inibitória frente a Candida krusei (CIM de 0,25 mg/mL) e moderada atividade frente a Staphylococcus aureus (CIM de 2,5 mg/mL). O extrato etanólico mostrou-se inativo frente aos microrganismos testados. Também foi isolado o constituinte majoritário do extrato diclorometânico, cuja análise espectroscópica indicou tratar-se de um sesquiterpeno, identificado como germacreno D.

This work describes the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of CH2Cl2 and EtOH extracts obtained by the maceration of the aerial parts of Senecio heterotrichius DC. against bacterial and fungal pathogens by broth microdilution method. The CH2Cl2 extract showed the best activity against Candida krusei (MIC 0.25 mg/mL) and a moderate activity against Staphyllococcus aureus (MIC 2.5 mg/mL). The EtOH extract was inactive against the tested microorganisms. Besides, one of the main constituents of CH2Cl2 extract was isolated, and its spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of a sesquiterpene identified as germacrene D.